E. Karadeniz | A. Özçam

Book Part | 2018 | Contributions to Management Science , pp.433 - 448

Entrepreneurship is an important process in regional economic development. However, there is no dedicated research to determinants of entrepreneurship in relation to all regions of Turkey. The main objective of chapter is to find the extent to which the level of entrepreneurial activity varies between regions in Turkey. This chapter also contributes to the field of entrepreneurship studies by presenting, for the first time, the entrepreneurship data of women over the regions of Turkey and by analyzing the regional variations with respect to gender in the early stage of entrepreneurial activity. Our findings support the fact that the . . . entrepreneurial activity in the West Marmara, the Mediterranean, the West Black Sea and the West, Southeast and the Central Anatolia Regions, are no different from the base Region of Istanbul. The general entrepreneurship pursuit in Aegean, the East Marmara, the East Black Sea, the Northeast Anatolia and the Central East Anatolia Regions are found to be about 2% lower compared to the Region of Istanbul, on the average. On the other hand, the likelihood of being an entrepreneur among women is highest in the Aegean Region which is 9.4%. This likelihood is even higher than that in the Region of Istanbul which is 8.1%. Hence, the probability of being a woman entrepreneur ranges from 5.8 to 10.6% in Turkey. When the same probabilities are considered at the age of 45, they are lower and range from 5.4 to 9.7%. Moreover, while the entrepreneurial attitudes, i.e. fear of failure in starting business, and education have a negative effect, the perceptions on start-up opportunities and believed to have knowledge, skill and experience have a positive effect on the probability of being an entrepreneur. The data used in this study were collected by means of the national adult population Survey (APS) from the Global Entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) project conducted in Turkey covering the years of 2006–2015 (except for the year of 2009). The dataset consisting of 56,142 interviews with a representative sample of adults (18–64Â years old) covering 12 regions. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Daha fazlası Daha az

L. Sarfaraz | S.A. Mian | E.E. Karadeniz | M.R. Zali | M.S. Qureshi

Book Part | 2018 | Contributions to Management Science , pp.659 - 675

Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey are the founding members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), established in 1985, to promote economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among the member states. The three countries share borders and have marked similarities in numerous cultural, religious, and traditional values. With a combined population of over 320 million and economies ranging from factor-driven to efficiency-driven, countries of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, comprise more than half of the MENA region population. This project envisages a comparative study of women entrepreneurship in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey using qualita . . .tive as well as quantitative approaches. Women entrepreneurship in these countries are studied from both domestic and international perspectives. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Daha fazlası Daha az

L. Sarfaraz | S.A. Mian | E.E. Karadeniz | M.R. Zali | M.S. Qureshi

Book Part | 2018 | Contributions to Management Science , pp.639 - 648

Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey are the founding members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), established in 1985, to promote economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among the member states. The three countries share borders and have marked similarities in numerous cultural, religious, and traditional values. With a combined population of over 320 million and economies ranging from factor-driven to efficiency-driven, countries of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, comprise more than half of the MENA region population. This project envisages a comparative study of women entrepreneurship in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey using qualita . . .tive as well as quantitative approaches. Women entrepreneurship in these countries are studied from both domestic and international perspectives. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Daha fazlası Daha az

L. Sarfaraz | S.A. Mian | E.E. Karadeniz | M.R. Zali | M.S. Qureshi

Book Part | 2018 | Contributions to Management Science , pp.649 - 657

Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey are the founding members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), established in 1985, to promote economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among the member states. The three countries share borders and have marked similarities in numerous cultural, religious, and traditional values. With a combined population of over 320 million and economies ranging from factor-driven to efficiency-driven, countries of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, comprise more than half of the MENA region population. This project envisages a comparative study of women entrepreneurship in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey using qualita . . .tive as well as quantitative approaches. Women entrepreneurship in these countries are studied from both domestic and international perspectives. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Daha fazlası Daha az

E.T. Aydoğan | A. Sevencan

Book Part | 2018 | Contributions to Management Science , pp.479 - 490

This study examines the effect of entrepreneurial activity on economic growth in MENA countries. Following the endogenous growth model, we included human capital and technology spillover variables into the analysis. Due to limited data of entrepreneurship measures in MENA countries this study employed self-employment rate as a proxy. As the level of education increases, absorptive capacity and innovation capacity of the entrepreneurs’ increase. In order to adjust for human capital, the interaction variable of self-employment and average years of schooling are used. The fixed- effect panel regression estimates that the effect of self . . .-employment on economic growth is negative in all specifications. However, the interaction estimate of self-employment and average years of schooling are positive and significant. Our results suggest that the driving force of entrepreneurship in MENA countries is also affected by the economic necessities. On the other hand, the level of education accelerates the effect of entrepreneurial activity on economic growth. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Daha fazlası Daha az

Sarfaraz, L. | Mian, S.A. | Karadeniz, E.E. | Zali, M.R. | Qureshi, M.S.

Book Part | 2018 | Contributions to Management Science , pp.691 - 693

Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey are the founding members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), established in 1985, to promote economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among the member states. The three countries share borders and have marked similarities in numerous cultural, religious, and traditional values. With a combined population of over 320 million and economies ranging from factor-driven to efficiency-driven, countries of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, comprise more than half of the MENA region population. This project envisages a comparative study of women entrepreneurship in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey using qualita . . .tive as well as quantitative approaches. Women entrepreneurship in these countries are studied from both domestic and international perspectives. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Daha fazlası Daha az

Sarfaraz, L. | Mian, S.A. | Karadeniz, E.E. | Zali, M.R. | Qureshi, M.S.

Book Part | 2018 | Contributions to Management Science , pp.677 - 690

Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey are the founding members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), established in 1985, to promote economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among the member states. The three countries share borders and have marked similarities in numerous cultural, religious, and traditional values. With a combined population of over 320 million and economies ranging from factor-driven to efficiency-driven, countries of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, comprise more than half of the MENA region population. This project envisages a comparative study of women entrepreneurship in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey using qualita . . .tive as well as quantitative approaches. Women entrepreneurship in these countries are studied from both domestic and international perspectives. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Daha fazlası Daha az