Hayal, T.B. | Kıratlı, B. | Şişli, H.B. | Şahin, Fikrettin | Doğan, A.

Book Part | 2019 | Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology1144 , pp.147 - 166

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells; isolated from various body parts including bone marrow, adipose tissue and dental tissue, have been characterized well and used in regenerative medicine applications. The promising potential of MSCs makes them great candidates in many disorders. It has been well known in the literature that MSCs interact with cancer cells and regulate the carcinogenesis process at different stages. The dual role of MSCs in cancer progression should be clearly identified at the physiological and molecular level to identify clinical potential in cancer treatment. The promoting or suppressive role of . . .MSCs in cancer is controlled by various growth factors, cytokines and chemokines which affect the cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Although many studies have been conducted to explore MSC-cancer cell interactions, it is still unclear how MSCs communicate with cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Further studies are required to investigate secreted factors and paracrine effects, tumor stroma environment, molecular regulators and downstream pathways that are involved in MSC-cancer interaction loop. MSC type, cancer type and stage specific phenotypic and transcriptomic profile changes should be identified in detail to improve clinical use of MSCs in cancer either as a target or as a tool. In the current book chapter, we review the literature to summarize current information about the MSC-cancer cell interactions in terms of soluble factors, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. The role of MSCs in tumor progression or suppression was discussed based on the current literature. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG Daha fazlası Daha az

Aydin, S. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Book Part | 2019 | Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology1144 , pp.123 - 132

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells located in different parts of the body. The major role of stem cells is to restore of injured tissues. Since the discover of stem cells, they gained a big attention due to their differentiation and regeneration capacity. The main source of stem cells was known as bone marrow. However, different sources for obtaining stem cells were discovered. Dental tissues, a new source for stem cells, provide cells having mesenchymal stem cell characteristics such as fibroblast-like structure, expression of surface antigens specific for mesenchymal stem cells, regeneration ability, multilineage differentiatio . . .n capacity and immunomodulatory features. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), tooth germ stem cells (TGSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are stem cells derived from dental tissues as well as stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Dental stem cells express mesenchymal stem cell markers like Stro-1, CD146, CD106, CD90, CD73 CD29 and CD13. However, they do not express hematopoietic stem cell markers such as CD11b, CD45 and CD34. Dental stem cells are able to undergo myogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, neurogenic, osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation. Thanks to these differentiation ability of dental stem cells, they can easily be manipulated in regenerative medicine. Dental stem cells, that can effortlessly be transfected, can also be used in cell therapy application. Immunomodulatory features of dental stem cells make them suitable candidates for the therapy of immune-related disorders. Dental stem cells with high potentials such as ability of self-renewal, mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation are promising tool for in vitro and in vivo differentiation studies as well as the therapy of immune-related diseases. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG Daha fazlası Daha az

Taşlı, P.N. | Bozkurt, B.T. | Kırbaş, O.K. | Deniz-Hızlı, A.A. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Book Part | 2018 | Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology1119 , pp.73 - 84

The use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in the treatment of diseases where immunomodulation impacts therapy is increasing steadily. Recent studies aim to achieve effective use of MSCs in treatment of Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD), Crohn’s disease and organ transplantations. The molecular mechanisms governing immunomodulatory properties of MSCs have not been fully understood, although current studies are indicating progress. Especially, in vitro studies and animal models provide a major contribution to our knowledge in clinical use of MSCs. The immunosuppressive and immune-enhancer properties of MSCs are –typically- determined wi . . .th respect to type and concentrations of soluble molecules found in their physiological environment. In mammals the immune system protects the organism -not only- from certain microorganisms, but also from any entity that it recognizes as foreign, including its own cells when it is received as a threat. This protection can sometimes occur by increasing the number of immune cells and sometimes by suppressing a pathologically hyper-induced immunological response. In particular, realization of the bi-directional effect of MSCs on immune cells has placed substantial emphasis on this area of research. This chapter focuses on the interaction of MSCs with the immune cells, the bilateral role of these interactions, and whether studies that aim to understand these interactions can yield promising results in terms of developing improved use of MSCs in treatment. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Daha fazlası Daha az