B.T. Ulug | F.B. Aksungar | O. Mete | F. Tekeli | N. Mutlu | B. Calik

Article | 2009 | Annals of Plastic Surgery62 ( 2 ) , pp.194 - 199

We examined the effect of vitamin C on muscle injury distal to the tourniquet which was applied for 4 hours with 10- and 20-minute reperfusion intervals after 2 hours of tourniquet. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 4 randomized groups. After 2 hours tourniquet, 10- and 20-minutes of reperfusion were allowed to half of each group respectively. Afterward an additional 2 hours compression was applied. Except the control group the animals received vitamin C intravenously, before the first tourniquet in Group I, at the reperfusion interval in Group II, and at both times in Group III. Malondialdehyde levels were measured i . . .n blood and the tibialis anterior muscle. The muscle was histopathologically examined. The data was evaluated statistically. The effects of timing and the dose of vitamin C on ischemia reperfusion injury remain controversial and there was no statistical difference between 10- and 20-minute reperfusion intervals. But the blood malondialdehyde levels showed that vitamin C has a positive effect on the muscle injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion. © 2009 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Daha fazlası Daha az

J. Darby

Article | 2009 | Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development30 ( 3 ) , pp.205 - 217

French political leaders have voiced objections to prospective Turkish membership of the European Union (EU), citing material reasons as well as cultural objections involving the uncertain role of a predominantly Islamic society within a European political and economic bloc. Given the importance of the French language as a component of France's assumed special status in Europe and the world, and the rising popularity of English in both the EU and Turkey, it is also likely that language remains a further source of cultural objection, however understated. Turkey, like many other countries in central and eastern Europe, has made Englis . . .h a key feature of its engagement with the EU and the new global economy, directly accelerating the decline of French language use, and contributing to French official antipathies towards the EU candidacy of the Turkish Republic. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Daha fazlası Daha az

C. Ucak

Article | 2009 | European Journal of Physics30 ( 5 ) , pp.945 - 953

A ladder network constructed by an elementary two-terminal network consisting of a parallel resistor-inductor block in series with a parallel resistor-capacitor block sometimes is said to have a non-dispersive dissipative response. This special ladder network is created iteratively by replacing the elementary two-terminal network in place of the resistors. In this paper, it will be demonstrated that, in fact, non-dispersive dissipative response conclusion of this special ladder network is not accurate for steady-state condition. Furthermore, the voltage profile of this special ladder network exhibits a fractal form called the Lévy C . . . curve or Lévy dragon in a certain condition. Therefore, this special ladder network may be called the Lévy ladder network. This ladder network might be interesting for physics and electrical engineering students and they may encounter when dealing with this network series and parallel combinations of impedances. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd Daha fazlası Daha az

M Mut | S Isik | O Demir | B Peynircioglu

Conference Object | 2009 | NEURO-ONCOLOGY11 ( 6 ) , pp.957 - 957

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E. Karacaoglu

Article | 2009 | Annals of Plastic Surgery63 ( 6 ) , pp.600 - 604

Mastopexy with augmentation is not an uncommon procedure in breast surgery. This combined procedure has been reported to result high rate of recurrent ptosis by several recent studies. The goal of this study is to introduce a novel technique that addresses the importance of 2 variables-breast position and inframammary fold location via autologous dermal graft, for an improved end results in augmentation mastopexy.Twenty-one patients operated over a period of 2 years from August 2005 through August 2007 were included in the study. The augmentation was performed first followed by adjusting the skin envelope and breast parenchyma to co . . .ntour around the new breast volume. Augmentation/ mastopexy with autologous dermal graft interpositioning, presented in this article, is a novel technique and the technique is described in detail.There were no major vital complications like death, major flap, or nipple necrosis. The most common complications seen were: inadequate circumvertical skin incision, inadequate transposition of nipple-areolar complex, overprojection of areola, and minor complications such as suture abscess. All complications were revised under local anesthesia. No recurrent ptosis was seen in any of the patients. Mean follow-up was 20.6 months (range, 14-36 months).Simultaneous augmentation mastopexy with autologous dermal graft interpositioning is a safe procedure. The dermal graft is easy to harvest. It is cost-effective. This technique ensures an improved breast appearance via securing the breast position and delineating the inframammary location. The very early results are promising but long-term results needed to be evaluated. Copyright © 2009 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Daha fazlası Daha az

Attar, R | Attar, E | Yaylim-Eraltan, I | Yılmaz-Aydogan, H | Agachan, B | İşbir, Turgay

Conference Object | 2009 | IUBMB LIFE61 ( 3 ) , pp.371 - 372

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Song, Y.S. | Moon, S. | Hulli, L. | Hasan, S.K. | Kayaalp, E. | Demirci, U.

Article | 2009 | Lab on a Chip9 ( 13 ) , pp.1874 - 1881

Minimizing cell damage throughout the cryopreservation process is critical to enhance the overall outcome. Osmotic shock sustained during the loading and unloading of cryoprotectants (CPAs) is a major source of cell damage during the cryopreservation process. We introduce a microfluidic approach to minimize osmotic shock to cells during cryopreservation. This approach allows us to control the loading and unloading of CPAs in microfluidic channels using diffusion and laminar flow. We provide a theoretical explanation of how the microfluidic approach minimizes osmotic shock in comparison to conventional cryopreservation protocols via . . .cell membrane transport modeling. Finally, we show that biological experiments are consistent with the proposed mathematical model. The results indicate that our novel microfluidic-based approach improves post-thaw cell survivability by up to 25% on average over conventional cryopreservation protocols. The method developed in this study provides a platform to cryopreserve cells with higher viability, functionality, and minimal inter-technician variability. This method introduces microfluidic technologies to the field of biopreservation, opening the door to future advancements at the interface of these fields. © 2009 The Royal Society of Chemistry Daha fazlası Daha az

Karataş, C. | Uz, I.

Article | 2009 | Turkish Studies10 ( 4 ) , pp.539 - 557

This study focuses on the economic relations between Turkey and the European Union from 1996 to 2006. The analysis includes the major macroeconomic performance in the Turkish economy prior to and after the implementation of the Customs Union Agreement. It also focuses on the external and internal macroeconomic dynamics of the Turkish economy. The results of an empirical investigation indicate that Turkey will tend to encounter large declines in GDP growth rates during 2009-2017. The forecast estimations show that Turkey is expected to grow by an annual average of 3.27 percent or 3.41 percent depending on internal and external factor . . .s, respectively. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Daha fazlası Daha az

Kayahan, M.B. | Nekoofar, M.H. | Kazandag`, M. | Canpolat, C. | Malkondu, O. | Kaptan, F. | Dummer, P.M.H.

Article | 2009 | International Endodontic Journal42 ( 11 ) , pp.1004 - 1014

Aim To evaluate the effect of acid-etch procedures on the compressive strength and surface microhardness of tooth-coloured mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methodology White ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental) was mixed and packed into cylindrical tubes of 4 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height. Three groups, each of 15 specimens were subjected to an acid-etch procedure either 4, 24 or 96 h after mixing. The compressive strength was measured and compared with unetched control groups. Differences between groups were analysed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. A further batch of cylindrical specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 12 mm in height . . . were prepared for testing surface microhardness. Three groups of 15 specimens were subjected to the acid-etch procedure at either 4, 24 or 96 h following mixing. Data were subjected to one-way anova. Changes in the surface microstructure before and after the acid-etch procedures were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results There was a general trend for the compressive strength and surface microhardness of specimens to increase with time. In terms of compressive strength, the increase was significant between 4 h and the other time periods for both experimental and control groups (P < 0.0001); however, there was no significant difference between 24 and 96 h. The increase in surface microhardness was significant between 4, 24 and 96 h (P < 0.0001). In addition, there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups at all time periods (P < 0.0001). SEM examination revealed morphological differences between the intact and the etched MTA surfaces. Conclusions Acid-etch procedures affected the compressive strength and surface microhardness of ProRoot MTA. This indicates that it may be better to postpone restorative procedures for at least 96 h after mixing MTA. Etching created surface changes that might have the potential to enhance bonding of resinous materials. © 2009 International Endodontic Journal Daha fazlası Daha az

Ozturk, N. | Girotti, A. | Kose, G.T. | Rodríguez-Cabello, J.C. | Hasirci, V.

Article | 2009 | Biomaterials30 ( 29 ) , pp.5417 - 5426

In this study a tissue engineering scaffold was constructed from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) to study the influence of strain on cell proliferation and differentiation. The effect of surface chemistry and topography on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was also investigated. Micropatterned pNIPAM films (channels with 10 µm groove width, 2 µm ridge width, 20 µm depth) were prepared by photopolymerization. The films were chemically modified by adsorption of a genetically engineered and temperature sensitive elastin-like protein (ELP). Dynamic conditions were generated by repeated temperature changes between 29 °C and 37 °C. . . .ELP presence on the films enhanced initial cell attachment two fold (Day 1 cell number on films with ELP and without ELP were 27.6 × 104 and 13.2 × 104, respectively) but had no effect on proliferation in the long run. ELP was crucial for maintaining the cells attached on the surface in dynamic culturing (Day 7 cell numbers on the films with and without ELP were 81.4 × 104 and 12.1 × 104, respectively) and this enhanced the ability of pNIPAM films to transfer mechanical stress on the cells. Dynamic conditions improved cell proliferation (Day 21 cell numbers with dynamic and with static groups were 180.4 × 104 and 157.7 × 104, respectively) but decreased differentiation (Day 14 specific ALP values on the films of static and dynamic groups were 6.6 and 3.5 nmol/min/cell, respectively). Thus, a physically and chemically modified pNIPAM scaffold had a positive influence on the population of the scaffolds under dynamic culture conditions. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Kulcu, DG | Yanik, B | Gulsen, G | Gokmen, D

Article | 2009 | TURKIYE FIZIKSEL TIP VE REHABILITASYON DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION55 ( 3 ) , pp.111 - 115

Objective: To assess the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of quadriceps muscle on pain and functional level in knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: Forty patients diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis participated in the study. Patients were randomized to two groups. First group received hotpack, ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and isometric quadriceps exercises (control group), and second group received NMES of quadriceps muscle in addition to this therapy program. All patients were given treatment for 3 weeks, 5 sessions per week. Pain severity (VAS 0-10), Western Ontario McMas . . .ter Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and duration of 50 m walking and stair climbing up and down were assessed before and after the treatment. Results: There were significant differences in NMES group regarding pain severity, walking duration, stair climbing up and down duration, WOMAC-pain stiffness and physical function scores between pre and post-treatment measurements (p=0.000, 0.008, 0.021, 0.002, 0.002, 0.001, respectively) and in control group regarding pain severity, WOMAC-pain and physical function scores (p=0.005, 0.021, 0.013, respectively). There was a significant difference between groups regarding percent change in 50 m walking duration (p=0.018). Conclusion: Isometric quadriceps exercises together with physical therapy interventions are effective in decreasing pain and improving functional level in knee osteoarthritis. Additive benefit, especially on walking was observed after adding NMES of quadriceps muscle to this therapy program. Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2009;55:111-5 Daha fazlası Daha az

Koksal, T. | Dikbas, I. | Kazaoglu, E.

Article | 2009 | The New York state dental journal75 ( 5 ) , pp.52 - 55

Changes in tooth structure, missing teeth and decreased vertical dimension of occlusion severely deteriorate the stomatognathic system. This case report describes the treatment of a patient with loss of vertical dimension due to severe wear of maxillary and mandibular teeth. An occlusal splint was used to create an optimum maxillomandibular relationship and to provide restorative space prior to restoration of the remaining teeth. The restoration was accomplished with a hybrid composite material. This treatment has been a less-expensive alternative to full-mouth, fixed porcelain/metal-porcelain restoration while conserving the remain . . .ing tooth tissue Daha fazlası Daha az