Turan, M. | Esitken, A. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Book Part | 2011 | Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management , pp.41 - 63

Soil degradation refers to decline in the soil's productivity through deterioration of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The most important processes and causes of degradation are water-wind erosion, salinization, alkalinization, acidification, and leaching and soil pollution. The rate of soil degradation is directly related to unsuitable land use. While growers routinely use physical and chemical approaches to manage the soil environment to improve crop yields, the application of microbial products for this purpose is less common. However, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) can prevent the deleterious eff . . .ects of one or more stressors from the environment. These beneficial microorganisms can be a significant component of management practices to achieve the attainable yield in degraded soil. In such soils, the natural role of stress-tolerant PGPRs in maintaining soil fertility is more important than in conventional agriculture. Besides their role in metal detoxification/removal, salinization, and acidification, rhizobacteria also promote the growth of plants by other mechanisms such as production of growth promoting substances and siderophores. Remediation with PGPRs is called bioremediation in degraded soil and is another emerging low-cost in situ technology (Cohen et al. Int J Green Energy 3:301-312, 2004) employed to remove or alleviate pollutants, salinity, and acidification stress from the degraded land. The efficiency of bioremediation can be enhanced by the judicious and careful application of appropriate heavy metal, salinity, acidity tolerant, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organisms. This review presents the results of studies on the recent developments in the utilization of PGPR for direct application in soils degraded with heavy metals, salinity, and acidity under a wide range of agroecological conditions with a view to restore degraded soils and consequently, promote crop productivity in degraded soils across the globe and their significance in bioremediation. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. All rights are reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Güneş, A. | Köse, C. | Turan, M.

Article | 2015 | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry39 ( 5 ) , pp.742 - 752

Boron (B) deficiency is widespread in the northeastern Anatolian region of Turkey. This could impact the production and quality of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Karaerik). A field experiment was conducted for determining the optimum economic B rate (OEBR), critical soil test, and tissue B values for yield and quality response of grapevine to B fertilizer application method (foliar and soil) at 5 doses (0, 1, 3, 9, and 12 kg B/ha) for 2 years. OEBR of foliar and soil application ranged from 6.4 to 8.5 kg B/ha with an average yield of 20.2–12.8 t/ha, respectively. The average soil B content at the OEBR was 0.32–2.52 mg/kg. Leaf tis . . .sue B content amounted to 98.9 and 64.4 mg/kg, and berry B content amounted to 21.4 and 12.9 mg/kg for foliar and soil application methods, respectively. Independently of application method, B application increased tissue N, Ca, Mg, P, K, and Zn, yet decreased Fe, Mn, and Cu content. We concluded that a B addition of 6.4 kg/ha for foliar application and 8.5 kg/ha for soil application is sufficient to elevate soil B to nondeficient levels. © 2015, TÜBITAK Daha fazlası Daha az

Turan, M. | Yildirim, E. | Kitir, N. | Unek, C. | Nikerel, E. | Ozdemir, B.S. | Mokhtari, N.E.P.

Book Part | 2017 | Microbial Strategies for Vegetable Production , pp.151 - 166

Changes in climate, natural or man induced, urbanization and several other factors result in abiotic stress, for example, high winds, extreme temperatures, drought, flood, etc. Such factors in turn affect many plants including vegetables. Vegetables, being plants grown for their vegetative parts, are, however, more sensitive to abiotic stress, when compared to grass family. The abiotic stress limits soil/climate for vegetable plantation and consequently results in decreased vegetable yields. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are beneficial soil bacteria capable of stimulating physical, chemical and biological changes in plants. . . . In particular, for vegetables, there are numerous applications of these beneficial microorganisms to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress. This review focuses on alternative mechanisms employed by PGPB to enhance vegetable production under various abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperature, nutrient and heavy metal stresses. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Elkoca, E. | Kocli, T. | Gunes, A. | Turan, M.

Article | 2015 | Journal of Plant Nutrition38 ( 9 ) , pp.1427 - 1443

An experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to test the symbiotic performance and plant nutrient uptake of the twelve nationally registered chickpea cultivars (‘Çakır’, ‘Işık-05’, ‘Canıtez-87’, ‘Hisar’, ‘Yaşa-05’, ‘Azkan’, ‘Küsmen-99’, ‘Gökçe’, ‘Damla-89’, ‘Diyar-95’, ‘Aziziye-94’, and ‘İzmir-92’) in Turkey. Inoculation with Mesorhizobium ciceri increased the average nodule number by 687%, nodule weight by 257%, plant height by 6%, shoot dry weight by 12%, root dry weight by 21%, chlorophyll content by 4.2%, nitogen (N)% by 7.9%, and total N by 22.7%. Averaged across chickpea cultivars, inoculation also significantly inc . . .reased sulfur (S) by 14.4%, phosphorus (P) by 1.9%, magnesium (Mg) by 13.8%, potassium (K) by 6.2%, calcium (Ca) by 17.4%, copper (Cu) by 4.5%, iron (Fe) by 16.5%, manganese (Mn) by 10.9% and zinc (Zn) uptake by 9.4%. The macro- and micronutrient uptake of cultivars significantly correlated with their nitrogen content and the magnitude of response to inoculation in relation to nodulation, plant growth, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient uptake significantly varied among cultivars. Based on the amount of fixed N and plant nutrient uptake, ‘Azkan’, ‘Aziziye-94’, ‘Küsmen-99’, ‘Diyar-95’, and ‘Hisar’ were the genotypes with the most positive response to inoculation. Our data showed that nodulation, nitrogen fixation, plant dry matter production, and macro- and micronutrient uptake of the inoculated chickpea can be improved by selecting the best compatible cultivar. © 2015, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Daha fazlası Daha az

İpek, M. | Aras, S. | Arıkan, Ş. | Eşitken, A. | Pırlak, L. | Dönmez, M.F. | Turan, M.

Article | 2017 | Scientia Horticulturae219 , pp.144 - 151

Iron deficiency occurring in calcareous soil is a problem in various plants. It is well known that some soil bacteria can release organic acids that can decrease the pH of the soil rhizosphere. However, there have been no attempts to study the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), including organic acid releasing bacteria, on the organic acid contents of the leaf and FC-R activity in the roots and leaves under calcareous soil conditions. Therefore, pear plants were inoculated with 6 bacterial strains with the aim of acquiring iron under calcareous conditions. Uniform 1-year-old pear cv. Deveci sapling grafted on BA . . .-29 and OHF-333 rootstocks were planted in plastic pots containing 10 L of loamy soil at 29.6% CaCO3. All bacteria were applied to the roots as an inoculation before planting. The root and leaf Fe content, FC-R activity, leaf organic acids, and soil Fe content were compared in the Alcaligenes 637Ca, Agrobacterium A18, Staphylococcus MFDCa1, MFDCa2, Bacillus M3 and Pantoea FF1 strains. The study showed that the leaf organic acid content and the Fe content in the soil, root and leaf were significantly affected by the bacterial treatments in pear plants. It was determined that the total and active Fe in the leaf was higher in OHF-333 compared to BA-29 by 7% and 14%, respectively. Furthermore, the leaf FC-R activity of Deveci on OHF-333 was 8% higher than that on BA-29. In the Deveci/BA-29 plants, the 637Ca treatment had the highest root FC-R activity value (107 nmol Fe+2 gr-1 FW h-2). The highest leaf FC-R activity value was obtained from the MFDCa1, MFDCa2 and FF1 treatments (58.4, 56.3 and 55.7 nmol Fe+2 gr-1 FWh-2, respectively). The bacterial strains used in the present study have an important potential to be used as a biofertilizer to replace the use of iron fertilizers. © 2017 Elsevier B.V Daha fazlası Daha az

Yildirim, E. | Turan, M. | Dursun, A. | Ekinci, M. | Kul, R. | Karagoz, F.P. | Kitir, N.

Article | 2016 | Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis47 ( 19 ) , pp.2245 - 2260

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of seed and seedling inoculation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on nitrogen use efficiency, growth, yield, and chemical composition of cabbage at varying levels of nitrogen (N). Data revealed that N alone or in combination with PGPR either as seed or seedling inoculation significantly improved growth, yield, and nutrients of cabbage. PGPR inoculations were more efficient than non-inoculated controls in terms of yield and yield parameters. This study showed that seed and seedling inoculation increased yield and yield parameters as well as chlorophyll reading valu . . .e and stomatal conductance versus controls. Applications of mineral fertilizers with microbial applications save 25% of mineral fertilizers yet give 33% more yield versus full doses of mineral application without microbial applications. Both seed and seedling treatments increased the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) rates by 45, 53, 58, 45, and 40%, and 49, 59, 68, 69, 60, and 55%, respectively. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Daha fazlası Daha az

Karlidag, H. | Yildirim, E. | Turan, M. | Pehluvan, M. | Donmez, F.

Article | 2013 | HortScience48 ( 5 ) , pp.563 - 567

The effect of selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient element content, and yield of strawberry plants under natural field salinity conditions stress was investigated. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with five PGPRs (Bacillus subtilis EY2, Bacillus atrophaeus EY6, Bacillus spharicus GC subgroup B EY30, Staphylococcus kloosii EY37, and Kocuria erythromyxa EY43) and a control (no PGPR) in 2009 and 2010. PGPR inoculations significantly increased the growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient element content, and yield of strawberry plants. PGP . . .R treatments lowered electrolyte leakage of plants under saline conditions. The leaf relative water content (LRWC) of plants rose with bacterial inoculation. All nutrient element contents of leaves and roots investigated were significantly increased with PGPR inoculations with the exception of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). The highest efficiency to alleviate salinity stress on the yield and nutrient uptake of strawberry plants was obtained from EY43 (228 g per plant) and EY37 (225 g per plant) treatment and the yield increasing ratio of plants was 48% for EY43 and 46% for EY 37 compared with the control treatment (154 g per plant). The highest nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) concentrations were obtained from EY43 and followed by E6, E37, and E30, and increasing ratio of leaves and root N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Cu, and Fe contents were 22% to 33%, 34% to 8.8%, 89% to 11%,11.0% to 7.2%, 5.1% to 6.2%, 97% to 65%, 120% to 140%, 300% to 15%, and 111% to 9.0%, respectively. The results of the study suggested that PGPR inoculations could alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress conditions on the growth and yield of strawberry plants under salinity conditions Daha fazlası Daha az

Karlidag, H. | Esitken, A. | Turan, M. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2007 | Scientia Horticulturae114 ( 1 ) , pp.16 - 20

From 2002 to 2006, plant growth promoting effects of Bacillus M3, Bacillus OSU-142 and Microbacterium FS01 were tested alone or in combination on apple (Malus domestica L.) cv. Granny Smith in terms of yield, growth and nutrient composition of leaves in the province of Malatya, Turkey. The presence of M3 and/or OSU-142 and/or FS01 combinations stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increases in Granny Smith. Root inoculation of PGPR strains significantly increased cumulative yield (26.0-88.0%), fruit weight (13.9-25.5%), shoot length (16.4-29.6%) and shoot diameter (15.9-18.4%) compared with the control. In additi . . .on, all nutrient element contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn) investigated in Granny Smith, except Mg was significantly affected by bacterial applications compared with the control. The highest N content (3.38%) was obtained from OSU-142 + FS01 application. Phosphorus contents of leaves of Granny Smith increased from 0.29% in the control to 0.42, 0.37, 0.36, 0.36 and 0.35% by M3, M3 + FS01, M3 + OSU-142, OSU-142 and M3 + OSU-142 + FS01 application, respectively. All bacterial applications significantly increased Ca content of leaves. The highest K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn content of leaves were obtained from OSU-142, M3, FS01, M3 and M3 + FS01 applications, respectively. The results of this study suggest that Bacillus M3 and/or OSU-142 and/or Microbacterium FS01 in combination have the potential to increase the yield, growth and nutrition of apple trees. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Karlidag, H. | Esitken, A. | Turan, M. | Atay, S.

Article | 2017 | Journal of Plant Nutrition40 ( 19 ) , pp.2721 - 2727

In order to determine the effects of autumn foliar application of boron (B) and/or urea on abortive flower ratio, yield, fruit weight, total soluble solid (TSS) and B and nitrogen (N) contents of reserves of non-irrigated apricot trees, field experiments were carried out between 2009 and 2012 in Malatya province of Turkey. The application of B and/or urea stimulated perfect flower development, B and N accumulation and resulted in significant yield increase. Boron, urea and B+urea applications increased fruit yield by 33.1%, 26.1% and 26.9%, decreased abortive flower ratio by 34.6%, 27.1% and 35.9% compared to the control, respective . . .ly. In addition, B and N contents of wood, bark and buds of apricot trees were significantly increased by B and/or urea treatments. It was also observed that B and N contents were the highest in bud compared to wood and bark in all treatments. The highest B (16.53 ppm) and N (1.56%) contents were determined to buds in B+urea treatment. The results of this study suggest that autumn foliar B and/or urea application have the potential to decrease abortive flower ratio and increase the yield and B and N contents of reserves of apricot trees under non-irrigated conditions. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Daha fazlası Daha az

Ozkutlu, F. | Turan, M.

Article | 2013 | Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences8 ( 2 ) , pp.97 - 106

Soil salinity has been reported to stimulate to Cd uptake of plants, particularly when Cd bioavailability is poor. The present study assessed the effects of two salinity levels of irrigation water (0, 50mM NaCl) on Cd availability and uptake of different lettuce varieties under growth three levels of Cd (0, 1.5and 3.0 mg Cd kg-1) pollution level at greenhouse condition. Sixty days after planting, the shoots wereharvested, and Cd, Cl-and mineral concentrations of plant were determined. Cadmium application withoutNaCl treatment positively affected plant dry matter, and the highest yield increase ratio was obtained fromChinese cabbage . . .at 3 mg Cd kg-1 pollution without NaCl salinity but salinity treatment without Cd pollutionnegatively affected growth and mineral content of lettuce. Increasing levels of NaCl caused increases in thephyto-availability of Cd, as indicated by a significant increase in the leaf concentration of Cd. Plant leaf Cdconcentrations were significantly correlated with soil and leaf Cl- concentration. Increasing levels of NaClunder Cd pollution caused increases in the phyto-availability of Cd, Ca, Na, Mn, and Zn mineral content inleaves of lettuce plants except for K, Fe and Cu content. It can be concluded from the study that salinitytreatment can increase Cd in the phyto-availability of Cd, so grower must take into consideration Cd level inthe soil under salinity stress condition Daha fazlası Daha az

Erdogan, U. | Turan, M. | Ates, F. | Kotan, R. | Çakmakçi, R. | Erdogan, Y. | Tüfenkçi, S.

Article | 2018 | Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis49 ( 14 ) , pp.1731 - 1738

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven nitrogen (N2)-fixing and/or phosphorus (P)-solubilizing and siderophore-producing microorganism based bio-fertilizers in single and triple strain combinations isolated from the acidic rhizospheric soil of native tea, grapevine, and wild red raspberries. As a result of this study, bacterial efficiency was found to be variable and depended on the bacterial strains and evaluated growth parameters. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has improved macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in grapevine leaves, and stimulated plant growth. Triple inoculation and single . . . inoculation based bio fertilizers were found to stimulate overall plant growth, including shoot and leaf weight, main shoot length, leaf ground index, chlorophyll, nitrogen, zinc and iron content of grapevine cv ‘Italy’. Bio-fertilizers increased the nutrients such as nitrogen, zinc and iron concentrations and consequently increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Daha fazlası Daha az

Pehluvan, M. | Turan, M. | Kaya, T. | Şimsek, U.

Article | 2015 | Fresenius Environmental Bulletin24 ( 4 ) , pp.1302 - 1309

The aim of this study was to determine mineral and heavy metal levels of some temperate fruit species such as sweet cherry, black mulberry, white mulberry, apricot, apple, plum, peach, pear, hawthorn and rosehip grown in Aras Valley, located in the east part of Turkey. The con-centration of mineral and heavy metal levels in the leaves and fruits of fruit species were detected by ICP-OES. The content of heavy metals in fruit samples were determined in the range of 50.16-90.11, 9.45-82.15, 12.69-65.24, 10.24-30.24,1.12-5.89,1.62-3.42,0.36-1.36 and 0.01-0.09 mg/kg for Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr, respectively. The highest content . . . of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr in fruit samples were detected in Plum (yellow), Sweet cherry, Plum (red), Black mulberry, Plum (sarali), Plum (yellow), White mulberry and Plum (red), respectively. All of fruit samples were found to be contaminated with high levels of Cu, Cd, Pb. Moreover, the contents of Zn in fruits were higher levels than the permissible limits of FAOAVHO. However, the contents of Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn did not appear to reach pollution levels in the fruit samples. The results illustrated that a strong relationship exists between leaf and fruit samples with regards to all minerals in the fruit species and cultivars Daha fazlası Daha az