Gürbüz, İlhan | Yeşilada, Erdem

Article | 2008 | Turkish Journal of Biology32 ( 4 ) , pp.259 - 263

Equisetum telmateia bitkisinin topraküstü kısımları Türkiye’de halk arasında mide ağrısı ve peptik ülser dahil olmak üzere çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde halk ilacı olarak kullanılmaktadır. E. telmateia’nın iddia edilen antiülserojenik etkisini incelemek için toprak üstü kısımlarının sulu ve metanollü ekstreleri hazırlanmış ve sıçanlarda etanolle oluşturulan gastrik ülser modelinde incelenmiştir. Farmakolojik deneyler materyalin metanollü ve sulu ekstrelerinin her ikisinin de oral yolla uygulandığında bu ülser modeli üzerinde midede anlamlı bir koruma sağladığını (ülser önleme oranı sırasıyla %77,9 ve %100) göstermiştir (P 0,001) . . .. Her iki ekstrenin de aktif olması nedeniyle, materyalin %80 etanol ile ekstre edilmesi tercih edilmiş; ardından %80 etanol ekstresi kloroform ve suyla doyurulmuş n-bütanol ile daha ileri bir ayırıma tabi tutularak, kloroform, n-bütanol ve kalan su ekstreleri elde edilmiştir. %80 etanol ekstresi ve sıvı-sıvı ekstraksiyonla elde edilen ekstreler aynı in vivo deneysel ülser modeline uygulanmıştır. Tüm ekstreler bu model üzerinde istatistiksel olarak kuvvetli antiülserojenik etki göstermiş (P 0.001), ancak en belirgin etki kalan sulu ekstrede görülmüştür (ülser önleme oranı %98,2). Sonuç olarak bu çalışmayla E. telmateia’nın halk arasında peptik ülser üzerindeki kullanımı, sıçanlarda etanolle oluşturulan deneysel gastrik ülser modeli kullanılarak doğrulanmıştır. The aerial part of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. is used against various conditions including stomachache and peptic ulcer in Turkish folk medicine. In order to prove the claimed anti-ulcerogenic potential of the plant, aqueous and methanol extracts were prepared from aerial parts of E. telmateia and investigated for their anti-ulcerogenic effect on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Pharmacological experiments clearly demonstrated that the oral administration of both methanol and aqueous extracts of Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. plant showed significant stomach protection (77.9% and 100% ulcer inhibition, respectively) against the applied model of ulcerogenesis (P < 0.001). Since both extracts were found significantly active, 80% ethanol was preferred for the extraction of the plant material and this crude methanolic extract was further fractionated by successive solvent extractions with chloroform and H2O saturated n-BuOH to obtain the chloroform and n-BuOH extracts as well as the remaining aqueous extract. The 80% ethanol extract and the solvent extracts were then submitted to pharmacological assay using the same in vivo experimental ulcer model. All the extracts statistically showed potent anti-ulcerogenic effect on this model (P < 0.001). However, the remaining aqueous extract was found prominent (98.2% ulcer inhibition). Consequently, folkloric utilization of E. telmateia on peptic ulcer has been confirmed in the present study by using ethanol-induced experimental ulcer model in rats Daha fazlası Daha az

Adıgüzel, Ahmet | Sökmen, Münevver | Özkan, Hakan | Ağar, Güleray | Güllüce, Medine | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2009 | Turkish Journal of Biology33 ( 1 ) , pp.65 - 71

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de Doğu Anadolu’da bulunan Erzurum yöresinde yetişen bazı Astragalus türlerinin topraküstü ve kök kısımlarının metanol ve hekzan ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin araştırılması için yapılmıştır. Astragalus türlerinin topraküstü kısımlarından elde edilen metanol ekstraktı 68,8-400,4 ?g/ml konsantrasyonları aralığında % 50 inhibisyon ile hafif düzeyde serbest radikal süpürücü etki göstermiştir. Astragalus türlerinin topraküstü kısımlarının hekzan/diklorometan ekstraktları serbest radikal süpürücü etki göstermemişlerdir. Nonpolar ekstraktların linoleik asit oksidasyonu inhibisyon özellikle . . .rinin polar metanolik ekstraktlarınkinden yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Kök kısımlarının metanol ekstraktları hafif antioksidanlar iken, A. microcephalus Willd., A. macrocephalus Willd., A. erinaceus Fisch. & Mey. ex Fischer, A. psoraloides Lam. ve A. argyroides Becker ex Stapf. türlerinin non-polar ekstraktları DPPH testinde son derece aktif olarak görüldüler. IC50 değerleri sırası ile 35,2 ?g/ml, 21,0 ?g/ml, 22,0 ?g/ml, 20,3 ?g/ml ve 38,0 ?g/ml olarak tespit edildi. ?–karoten-linoleik asit sistemi içinde, çalışılan Astragalus türleri arasında en güçlü inhibisyon etkisini A. psoraloides Lam. türünden elde edilen ekstrakt gösterdi. Buna ek olarak, disk difüzyon yöntemi ile Astragalus türlerinin in vitro antibakteriyel, antikandidal ve antifungal aktiviteleri de çalışılmıştır. Sonuçlar ekstraktların hiçbirinin çalışılan mikroorganizmalar üzerinde antimikrobiyal etkisinin olmadığını göstermiştir. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the hexane and methanol extracts of the aboveground parts and roots of some Astragalus species grown in the vicinity of Erzurum, located in the eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The methanol extract, which was obtained from the aboveground parts of Astragalus species, exhibited mild free radical scavenging activity providing 50% inhibition at the concentrations between 68.8 and 400.4 &#956;g/ml. The hexane/dichloromethane extracts of the aboveground parts of Astragalus species did not show any free radical scavenging activity. However, the linoleic acid oxidation inhibition ability of the non-polar extracts seems to be higher than that of the polar methanolic extracts. The methanol root extracts were mild antioxidants but the non-polar root extracts of A. microcephalus Willd., A. macrocephalus Willd., A. erinaceus Fisch. & Mey. ex Fischer, A. psoraloides Lam., and A. argyroides Becker ex Stapf. were extremely active in DPPH test. IC50 values were 35.2 &#956;g/ml, 21.0 &#956;g/ml, 22.0 &#956;g/ml 20.3 &#956;g/ml, and 38.0 &#956;g/ml, respectively. In the case of &#946;&#8211;carotene-linoleic acid system, the extract obtained from A. psoraloides Lam. exhibited strong inhibition among studied Astragalus species. Furthermore, the extracts, which were obtained from the tested Astragalus species, were evaluated for their possible in vitro antibacterial, anticandidal, and antifungal activities based on disk diffusion assay. The results suggested that none of the extracts has antimicrobial activity on the tested microorganisms Daha fazlası Daha az

Akaydın, Galip | Şimşek, Işıl | Arıtuluk, Zekiye Ceren | Yeşilada, Erdem

Article | 2013 | Turkish Journal of Biology37 ( 2 ) , pp.230 - 247

This survey was carried out by face-to-face oral interviews with 379 inhabitants who agreed to be interviewed in selected localities of the Mediterranean region: Hatay (İskenderun and Narlıca), İçel (Erdemli, Tarsus, and Silifke), and Isparta (Sav). The current study was conducted to document the ethnobotanical uses of plants. In the first step of the study, demographic profiles of the informants were evaluated. Subsequently, they were asked to state whether the plants were used for therapeutic or other purposes; then detailed information, i.e. local names, parts used, methods of preparation (decoction, infusion, poultice, oi . . .ntment, etc.) was recorded; and finally the plant materials were collected for authentication. All collected plant materials have been identified and deposited at the Herbarium of Faculty of Education of Hacettepe University (HEF). In the survey, uses of 88 plant taxa from 39 plant families were documented. Plant species from the families Rosaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae were reported to be the most frequently utilized. Among the 152 plant remedies documented, 38 remedies (25.0%) for gastrointestinal disorders, 30 remedies (19.7%) for respiratory ailments, and 18 remedies (11.8%) for urinary problems were the most frequently recorded Daha fazlası Daha az

Aslan, Galip Servet | Mısır, Dudu Gonca | Kocabaş, Fatih

Article | 2016 | Turkish Journal of Biology40 ( 2 ) , pp.276 - 289

Findings in the last decade suggest that there is a considerable amount of cardiomyocyte turnover in the human heart throughout life, albeit not sufficient for heart regeneration following myocardial infarctions. Only a few species are known to be remarkably efficient in cardiac regeneration. They restore lost cardiomyocytes via a process of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, which is followed by robust proliferation of cardiomyocytes and incorporation into the myocardium. Similarly, neonatal mice have been recently shown to regenerate their heart following myocardial injuries. Studies with a neonatal cardiac regeneration mouse model . . .suggest that the major source of new cardiomyocytes is likely to be of cardiomyocyte origin, with the possibility of involvement of cardiac stem cells. To this end, numerous studies have been conducted on the induction of cardiac regeneration to shed light on the underlying mechanisms. This review covers studies on the renewal of cardiomyocytes, the utilization of stem cells in myocardial therapies, and their future applications Daha fazlası Daha az

Kurnaz, Aksan Işıl

Article | 2005 | Turkish Journal of Biology29 ( 4 ) , pp.189 - 195

Sinir hücresi farklılaşması işlemi pek çok açıdan oldukça detaylı olarak çalışılmıştır. PCI2 sisteminde, NGF'in sinir hücresi farklılaşmasını indükiediği hem nörit uzantıları hem de nöronai işaret anlatımı ölçülmek suretiyle gösterilmiştir. Bu etkinin ana olarak Ras/MAPK yolağı tarafından ortaya çıkarıldığı bilinmekle birlikte, başka yolakların da bu hücresel tepkide büyük rol oynadığından şüphelenilmektedir. Bu yolaklardan bir tanesi Smad sinyallemesidir - NGF'in daha önce TGF-p sinyalinin anlatımına sebep olduğu gösterilmiştir ancak bunun fizyolojik önemi tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada biz çeşitli TGF-p yolak elemanları . . .nın anlatım profillerini inceleyerek bu yolağın NGF-indüklü PC12 farklılaşmasında olası işbirliğini anlamaya çalışmaktayız. The neuronal differentiation process has been studied in great detail from many aspects. In the PC12 system, NGF was found to induce neuronal differentiation as measured by neurite extensions and neuronal marker expression. This effect was seen to be mainly conducted through the Ras/MAPK pathway; however, additional pathways are suspected to play a significant role in this cellular response. One such pathway is Smad signaling - NGF was previously reported to induce the expression of the TGF-p signal, although the physiological relevance of this was not completely understood. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of several TGF-p pathway components, in an attempt to understand the potential role of this pathway in NGF-induced differentiation of PCI 2 cells Daha fazlası Daha az

Kocabaş, Fatih | Ergin, Enes Kemal

Article | 2016 | Turkish Journal of Biology40 ( 1 ) , pp.239 - 249

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a deadly tick-borne virus with high mortality rates. Current antivirals lack specificity, making them susceptible to off-target effects and cytotoxicity. There is an utmost need for the identification of active compounds for anti-CCHFV therapies. Inhibition of CCHFV ovarian tumor (OTU) protease by small molecules is an exciting potential antiviral therapy. In this study, computational approaches based on residue homology, the binding coordinates of ligands, and correlation analysis with in vitro data identified the pocket of Y89-W99 as the inhibition site of CCHFV OTU protease. In sil . . .ico screening of more than 600,000 compounds against this newly discovered pocket can identify potent inhibitors of CCHFV OTU protease. This novel set of compounds exhibits a common substructure and higher binding affinities. These findings distinguish the pocket of Y89-W99 as a pharmaceutical target for the optimization and identification of CCHFV OTU protease inhibitors that could serve as lead structures for discovering therapies against CCHFV Daha fazlası Daha az

Gürbüz, İlhan | Demirci, Betül | Franz, Gerhard | Başer, Kemal Hüsnü Can | Yeşilada, Erdem | Demirci, Fatih

Article | 2013 | Turkish Journal of Biology37 ( 1 ) , pp.114 - 121

Aerial parts of Daphne pontica were collected from Ilgaz-Çankırı, and D. oleoides subsp. oleoides was collected from 2 different localities (Ayrancı-Karaman and Ilgaz-Çankırı) in Turkey. The samples were subjected to hydrodistillation and microdistillation. The resulting volatile samples were analyzed both by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The main components for D. pontica were identified as hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (8.6%), carvacrol (8.5%), dihydroedulane II (4.7%), (E)-geranyl acetone (4.6%), and thymol (4.5%), while nonacosane (42.5% and 27.2%), hexadecanoic . . . acid (24.4% and 20.0%), phytol (12.3%), and carvacrol (5.0%) were identified as the main components of D. oleoides subsp. oleoides obtained by hydrodistillation. Carvacrol (12.0%), thymol (7.7%), dihydroactinidiolide (7.2%), bicyclosesquiphellandrene (5.5%), and (Z)-3-hexenal (4.1%) were the major components in D. pontica, while carvacrol (27.2% and 25.4%), nonacosane (24.6%), (Z)-3-hexenal (18.5% and 2.5%), decane (7.4%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.4% and 2.2%), hexanal (6.6% and 1.5%), heptacosane (6.1%), nonanal (5.6% and 1.9%), thymol (5.1% and 2.3%), and phytol (5.0%) were identified in the D. oleoides subsp. oleoides isolated by microdistillation, respectively. In addition, the volatile components were evaluated for their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals using a bioautographic thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, and the samples showed activity comparable with that of the tested standards, vitamins C and E Daha fazlası Daha az

Aydoğdu, Nurullah | Taşlı, Pakize Neslihan | Şişli, Hatice Burcu | Yalvaç, Mehmet Emir | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2016 | Turkish Journal of Biology40 ( 2 ) , pp.430 - 442

Stem cell-based applications have become a popular and promising approach for therapy for a number of disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, degenerative muscle diseases, and osteoporosis, as well as trauma, inflammations, burns, and injuries. Human tooth germ stem cells are an adult stem cell source; they have mesenchymal stem cell properties and show high proliferative and differentiation capacity. Melatonin has been demonstrated to regulate differentiation of human and mouse mesenchymal stem cells into various cell lineages in addition to its other functions in the body. In the current study, the effects of melatonin on . . .osteogenic, neurogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and odontogenic differentiation of human tooth germ stem cells were investigated. The results showed that melatonin increases the viability of cells. It significantly augments osteogenic, neurogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and odontogenic differentiation of the cells, whereas it reduces adipogenic differentiation capability. These results suggest that melatonin has a great potential to increase differentiation capacity of human tooth germ stem cells and might be useful in regenerative therapy applications involving stem cell differentiations in addition to defining potential treatments for obesity because of its suppressor effects on adipogenesis Daha fazlası Daha az

Üstüner, Berna | Çimen, Hüseyin

Article | 2016 | Turkish Journal of Biology40 ( 4 ) , pp.906 - 914

Sirtuins are NAD-dependent deacetylases and ADP ribosyltransferases that are activated under stress conditions such as calorie restriction and starvation. Boron, which is mostly found in the form of boric acid (BA) or sodium borate (NaB), is known to bind NAD. In this study, the effect of NaB on hepatoma cell line HEP3B was investigated by analyzing the proteins harvested from NaB-treated and serum-starved HEP3B cells. The NaB treatment (15 &#956;g/mL) led to a decrease in the overall proteome acetylation and particularly in mitochondria, the synthesis rate of respiratory complexes, the amount of cellular reactive oxygen species . . ., and the proliferation rate of HEP3B cells. On the other hand, the cellular ratio of NAD/NADH and the deacetylase activity of mitochondrial sirtuin, SIRT3, were found to be elevated. The results of this study suggest a link between boron treatment and activation of SIRT3 by means of a NAD-NaB interaction, which reprograms cellular metabolism. This study is expected to pave the way for new findings uncovering the metabolic changes in HEP3B cells related to SIRT3 activity upon NaB treatment Daha fazlası Daha az

Karakurt, Halil | Kotan, Recep | Dadaşoğlu, Fatih | Aslantaş, Rafet | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2011 | Turkish Journal of Biology35 ( 3 ) , pp.283 - 291

Bu çalışma bitki büyümesini teşvik eden 4 bakterinin (Bacillus subtilis OSU - 142, Bacillus megaterium M - 3, Burkholderia cepacia OSU - 7 ve Pseudomonas putida BA - 8) tek başlarına veya kombinasyonlar halinde vişnenin (Prunus cerasus cv. Kütahya) vejetatif gelişimine olduğu kadar pomolojik ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine de etkilerini değerlendirmek için yürütülmüştür. Kullanılan bütün bakteri suşlarının tek başlarına ya da kombinasyonlarının özellikle meyve tutumu ve vejetatif gelişme üzerine doğrudan; meyvelerin pomolojik ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine dolaylı olarak olumlu yönde bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Bu yüzden bu b . . .akteri suşlarının sürdürülebilir ya da ekolojik tarım sistemlerinde meyve, sebze ve süs bitkileri yetiştiriciliğinde biyogübre olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Th is study was performed to determine eff ects of 4 plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus subtilis OSU - 142, Bacillus megaterium M - 3, Burkholderia cepacia OSU &#8211; 7, and Pseudomonas putida BA - 8) alone and in combinations on fruit set of sour cherry trees (Prunus cerasus L., cv. Kütahya), and to investigate their resulting pomological and chemical characteristics as well as vegetative growth. All the tested bacterial strains alone or some of their combinations have a great potential to increase especially fruit set and plant vegetative growth, and indirectly aff ect fruit pomological and chemical characteristics. Th erefore, they may be considered as biofertilizer for fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant production in sustainable and ecological agricultural systems Daha fazlası Daha az

Arasoğlu, Tülin | Derman, Serap | Mansuroğlu, Banu | Uzunoğlu, Deniz | Koçyiğit, Büşra | Gümüş, Büşra | Tuncer, Burcu

Article | 2017 | Turkish Journal of Biology41 ( 1 ) , pp.127 - 140

The use of quercetin as a bioflavonoid is becoming increasingly common in food industries even though poor water solubility, instability, absorption, and permeability have limited its application. The oil-in-water single-emulsion solvent evaporation method to synthesize highly stable and soluble quercetin-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs), in which the reaction yield, particle size, and polydispersity of the NPs are varied greatly within the process parameters of the synthesis method, has been optimized. NPs with different initial quercetin amounts were used to determine how the quercetin amount affected nanoparticle properties and a . . .ntimicrobial efficiency. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were chosen as model bacteria due to their being foodborne pathogens. The results of antimicrobial activity evaluated by three different methods showed that the antimicrobial activity of both quercetin NPs and free quercetin was effective on gram-positive strains (L. monocytogenes and S. aureus). Additionally, it was detected that Q31 NPs have more effective antimicrobial activity than other synthesized quercetin nanoparticles depending on the amount of substance and release. Furthermore, on the basis of assessing the antibacterial effects by scanning electron microscopy, it was detected that bacteria cells lost their integrity and became pale with the release of cytoplasm and decomposed after treatment with Q31 NPs Daha fazlası Daha az

Sarper, Fulya | Akaydın, Galip | Şimşek, Işıl | Yeşilada, Erdem

Article | 2009 | Turkish Journal of Biology33 ( 1 ) , pp.79 - 88

Ankara ilinin Haymana ilçesinde halk arasında tedavi, gıda ve diğer şekillerde yararlanılan yabani bitkilerin kayıt altına alınması amacıyla etnobotanik bir saha çalışması yürütülmüştür. Bilgiler seçilen dokuz yerleşim biriminde 160 kişi ile yüzyüze görüşülerek toplanmıştır. Bilgi alınan kişilerin demografik özellikleri değerlendirilerek sonuçların belirginliği SPSS istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, bilgi alınan kişilerin % 83,8’ünün yabani bitkilerin gıda ya da ilaç olarak kullanılışları hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğu, % 16,2’sinin ise bu konuda bir bilgisi bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. . . .Bitkiler hakkında bilgi sahibi olunması ve kullanım sıklığı kişilerin yaşı arttıkça artış göstermektedir. Ancak kişinin eğitim durumu ile bitkiler hakkında bilgi sahibi olması arasında bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü alanda 18 familyadan 50 bitki türüne ait 103 kullanılış kaydedilmiştir. Bu kullanımlardan 67’si tedavi amaçlı, 28’i gıda olarak ve 8’i diğer çeşitli kullanım şekllerinde olup, en çok Asteraceae (16 tür) ve Lamiaceae (7 tür) familyası bitkilerinin kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Haymana ilçesinin büyük bir kente yakın bir yerleşim alanı olmasına karşılık, yabani bitkilerin yerel halk tarafından tedavi ve gıda amacıyla sık olarak kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak dikkati çeken bir bulgu olarak, daha önce komşu ilçelerde yürütülen etnobotanik çalışmalarda tespit edilen bitkiler ait yerel adlarda ve kullanılış amaçlarında önemli farklılıklar görülmektedir. Bu durumun en belirgin etkeninin son yıllardaki göçler nedeniyle ilçenin demografik yapısındaki değişim olduğu düşünülmektedir. Dietary, therapeutical, and other ethnobotanical utilizations of the wild plants grown in Haymana district of Ankara were investigated. Information was collected by face-to-face interviews with 160 individuals in 9 selected sites. The demographic characteristics of the informants were evaluated and cross-relationships with the recorded data were also analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results of the study show that 83.8% of the informants recognize the utilization of wild plants either as foodstuff or as remedy, while only 16.2% was unaware of that. Both the knowledge and the utilization of plants significantly increased with the increasing age of the informants. However, there was no significant correlation between the knowledge on plants and the educational status of the informants. Altogether 103 utilizations, recorded in the surveyed area, were obtained from 50 plant species belonging to 18 different plant families. Among these utilizations, 67 were therapeutical, while 28 as foodstuff, and 8 for various other ethnobotanical purposes. Those with the highest number of utilized species; Asteraceae (16 species) and Lamiaceae (7 species) were employed for various purposes. In conclusion, despite the close proximity of the Haymana district to a metropolitan center, wild plants are still recognized and utilized by the inhabitants in the countryside either therapeutically or as foodstuff. However, local plant names and uses were found to be different to some extend than those previously reported in the neighboring districts of Ankara, which might be due to the evolving demographics of the local population with migrations from neighboring provinces or from eastern parts of Turkey Daha fazlası Daha az