Pehluvan, M. | Turan, M. | Kaya, T. | Şimsek, U.

Article | 2015 | Fresenius Environmental Bulletin24 ( 4 ) , pp.1302 - 1309

The aim of this study was to determine mineral and heavy metal levels of some temperate fruit species such as sweet cherry, black mulberry, white mulberry, apricot, apple, plum, peach, pear, hawthorn and rosehip grown in Aras Valley, located in the east part of Turkey. The con-centration of mineral and heavy metal levels in the leaves and fruits of fruit species were detected by ICP-OES. The content of heavy metals in fruit samples were determined in the range of 50.16-90.11, 9.45-82.15, 12.69-65.24, 10.24-30.24,1.12-5.89,1.62-3.42,0.36-1.36 and 0.01-0.09 mg/kg for Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr, respectively. The highest content . . . of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr in fruit samples were detected in Plum (yellow), Sweet cherry, Plum (red), Black mulberry, Plum (sarali), Plum (yellow), White mulberry and Plum (red), respectively. All of fruit samples were found to be contaminated with high levels of Cu, Cd, Pb. Moreover, the contents of Zn in fruits were higher levels than the permissible limits of FAOAVHO. However, the contents of Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn did not appear to reach pollution levels in the fruit samples. The results illustrated that a strong relationship exists between leaf and fruit samples with regards to all minerals in the fruit species and cultivars Daha fazlası Daha az

Oz, F. | Aksu, M.I. | Turan, M.

Article | 2017 | Journal of Food Processing and Preservation41 ( 4 ) , pp.1302 - 1309

Effects of different cooking methods (deep fat frying, hot plate, boiling, microwave, pan-frying with oil, pan-frying without fat or oil and oven cooking) on some quality criteria and mineral composition of steaks were investigated. Water content, pH, lipid oxidation (TBARS), color (L*, a*, b* values) and mineral composition of both raw and cooked samples were determined. Cooking methods had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on all the parameters analyzed except for some mineral content (Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb). It was determined that pH, TBARS, L* and b* values of the samples increased with cooking (P < 0.05), while water content, a* valu . . .es and all mineral contents analyzed decreased (P < 0.05). Losses in the amounts of Fe, Pb, S and Zn with cooking were less than 10%, while those of other minerals ranged between 13.6 and 21.1%. The lowest dry matter and cooking loss were determined in the samples pan-fried without fat or oil (P < 0.05. Practical Applications: Cooking is a procedure usually applied immediately before consumption of meat and meat products, and meat and meat products are usually eaten cooked except for the products especially raw eaten. The cooking of meat results in better aroma and also the cooked meat is tenderer compared to raw meat. In addition, if cooked properly, meat, more attractive and delicious when served hot, is easier to digest while almost sterile. However, cooking affects the nutritional value of meat due to changes in certain components. In addition, the cooking could result in a number of harmful chemical compounds. Quality properties and nutritional values of cooked meat can be dependent on cooking method. In the present study, the changes in meat cooked by common cooking methods and the differences between cooking methods were detected. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Daha fazlası Daha az

Esringü, A. | Turan, M. | Güneş, A. | Karaman, M.R.

Article | 2014 | Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis45 ( 13 ) , pp.1741 - 1759

Phytoremediation is an attractive, economical alternative to soil removal and burial methods to remediate contaminated soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of adding different rates of Bacillus megaterium on the capacity of Brassica napus plants to take up boron (B), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) from polluted soils under field conditions. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with control (without pollution and B. megaterium application) and B, Pb, and Cd in two doses (0 and 100 mg kg-1), B. megaterium with four doses (no application and 108 cfu B. megaterium ml-1 spraye . . .d at 50 ml plot-1, 100 ml plot-1, 150 ml plot-1). Results indicated that soil pollution treatments significantly decreased seed (SDMY), shoot (SHDMY), root (RDMY), and total dry-matter yield (TDMY) of plants at 42.9, 3.8, 62.6, and 23.4% for B-polluted treatment; 25.8, 8.7, 17.6, and 14.2% for Pb-polluted treatment; and 33.2, 7.0, 14.0, and 16.4% for Cd-treatment without B. megaterium application, respectively. However, the application of B. megaterium ameliorated the negative effects of B, Pb, and Cd at 41.4, 52.7, and 10.9% for B; 24.4, 21.6, and 4.9% for Pb; and 22.8, 22.0, and 3.3% for Cd, respectively. The potentially bioavailable and relatively available fraction of soil B, Pb, and Cd increased with increases in the B. megaterium application but total fraction and stable fraction decreased. It is concluded that the seed and shoot parts of B. napus can be used as hyperaccumulators for plant B, Pb, and Cd remediation according to remediation factors but the shoot is the biggest part of the plant, and thus an important portion of the plant to remove B, Pb, and Cd from the B-, Pb-, and Cd-contaminated soils. To decrease desired concentration for 8 mg B kg-1, 4 mg Pb kg-1, and 3 mg Cd kg-1 in the active rooting zone of soil, approximately 2, 6, and 21 years would be necessary with only 150 ml plot-1 B. megaterium-sprayed soil cultivated with B. napus, respectively. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Daha fazlası Daha az

Çakmakçi, R. | Turan, M. | Güllüce, M. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2014 | International Journal of Plant Production8 ( 2 ) , pp.163 - 181

The present study assessed the effect of seed inoculation with single or multiple plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains on yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum spp. vulgare var. Ki{dotless}ri{dotless}k) and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Tokak) plants in both greenhouse and field conditions during the years 2007 and 2008. The treatments of wheat and barley plants during the first year included: (1) Control (no inoculation and no fertilizer), (2) Bacillus OSU-142 (B.OSU-142), (3) Bacillus megaterium M3 (B. megaterium M3), (4) Azospirillum brasilense Sp.245 (A. brasilense Sp.245), (5) Mixed 1 (B.OSU-142 + Bacillus M3 + . . . Azospirillum AB-245), (6) Bacillus megaterium RC07 (B. megaterium RC07), (7) Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05, (8) Bacillus licheniformis RC08, (9) mineral nitrogen N1 (80 kg N ha-1) and (10) N2 (40 kg N ha-1 in the form of urea). In the second year treatments were: (1) Raoutella terrigena (R. Terrigena), (2) Burkholderia cepacia FS Tur (B. cepacia FS Tur), (3) B. OSU-142 ARM, (4) B. M3 ARM, (5) A. sp.245 ARM, (6) P. polymyxa RC14, (7) B. megaterium RC10, (8) Mixed 2 (Bacillus OSU-142+ Bacillus M3+ Azospirillum brasilense sp.245 + 40 kg N ha) in addition to the first year treatments. Greenhouse and the two years of field trials at two sites showed that seed inoculation with bacterial strains significantly affected yield, yield components and quality parameters both in spring wheat and barley. In greenhouse trials, single inoculations of seeds with PGPRs gave root and shoot weight increases by 11.0-16.5% and 14.4-30.4% in wheat and by 10.3-18.8% and 11.9-21.5% in barley. Combinations of three bacteria increased root and shoots weight by 18.3-31.5% in wheat and by 21.4-23.8 in barley and bacterial inoculations also increased grain yield by 4.3-18.5% in wheat and 8.3-19.1% in barley, respectively. In field conditions wheat grain yields were increased by 25.6-40.4%, 17.4-25.2% and 31.4% while barley seed yield were increased by 16.2-33.7%, 4.2-14.4 and 16.8% with N fertilizer, single and combinations of PGPR bacteria inoculations compared to control. Plant-growth responses were variable and depended on the inoculants strain, plant species and growth parameters evaluated. In conclusion, seed inoculations with bacteria especially B. OSU-142, A. brasilense sp.245 and combinations of bacteria may satisfy nitrogen requirements of wheat and barley under green house and field conditions even in lowland and upland areas. The present results indicate that the selected bacterial isolates and multiple combinations did promote the growth and quality of wheat and barley in ways that could be harnessed to practical benefit for the farmer and consistent with sustainable and/or organic agricultural practices in Turkey Daha fazlası Daha az

Orhan, E. | Esitken, A. | Ercisli, S. | Turan, M. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2006 | Scientia Horticulturae111 ( 1 ) , pp.38 - 43

During 2003 and 2005, plant growth promoting effects of two Bacillus strains OSU-142 (N2-fixing) and M3 (N2-fixing and phosphate solubilizing) were tested alone or in combinations on organically grown primocane fruiting raspberry (cv. Heritage) plants in terms of yield, growth, nutrient composition of leaves and variation of soil nutrient element composition in the province of Erzurum, Turkey. The results showed that Bacillus M3 treatment stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increase. Inoculation of raspberry plant roots and rhizosphere with M3 and/or OSU-142 + M3, significantly increased yield (33.9% and 74.9%) . . ., cane length (13.6% and 15.0%), number of cluster per cane (25.4% and 28.7%) and number of berries per cane (25.1% and 36.0%) compared with the control, respectively. In addition, N, P and Ca contents of raspberry leaves with OSU-142 + M3 treatment, and Fe and Mn contents of the leaves of raspberry with M3 and OSU-142 + M3 applications significantly improved under organic growing conditions. Bacterial applications also significantly effected soil total N, available P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn contents and pH. Available P contents in soil was determined to be increased from 1.55 kg P2O5/da at the beginning of the study to 2.83 kg P2O5/da by OSU-142, to 5.36 kg P2O5/da by M3 and to 4.71 kg P2O5/da by OSU-142 + M3 treatments. The results of this study suggest that Bacillus M3 alone or in combination with Bacillus OSU-142 have the potential to increase the yield, growth and nutrition of raspberry plant under organic growing conditions. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Sahin, U. | Ekinci, M. | Ors, S. | Turan, M. | Yildiz, S. | Yildirim, E.

Article | 2018 | Scientia Horticulturae240 , pp.196 - 204

To understand the effects of salt and drought stress factors on the growth, physiological and biochemical responses of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), a greenhouse experiment was conducted with different levels of salinity (S0: tap water, S1: tap water containing extra 75 mM dose of NaCl, and S2: tap water containing extra 150 mM dose of NaCl), irrigation quantity (W0: Full-irrigation, W1: irrigation with 80% of the W0, and W2: irrigation with 60% of the W0), and their combinations. The results showed that antioxidant activity, proline and sucrose contents increased under both salinity and drought stress as well as their . . .combination. Moreover, oxidative damage indicating parameters such as electrical leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased as well. Increased level of salinity and drought stress caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf relative water content (LRWC), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic activity (An), intercellular CO2 content (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr). We observed that proline and sucrose contents could not stimulate the growth of plant under increased levels of salinity and drought stress. Individual drought and salt stress conditions have negatively affected plant growth including the shoot, root fresh and dry weights when applied separately. On the other hand, the combination of drought and salinity enhanced the adverse effects of each stress factor. © 2018 Elsevier B.V Daha fazlası Daha az

Dursun, A. | Yildirim, E. | Ekinci, M. | Turan, M. | Kul, R. | Karagöz, F.P.

Conference Object | 2017 | AIP Conference Proceedings1833 , pp.196 - 204

This study was designed to determine the influence of a nitrogen fixing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation (seed coating and seedling dipping) and 6 doses of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200kg ha-1) application on amino acid contents of cabbage. Coating and seedling dipping applications caused a significant increase in values histidine, glycine, thionin, arginine and alanine of cabbage. Highest glutamate, serine, asparagines and glutamine contents were obtained from 160-200kg ha-1 nitrogen dose applied plants. As a result, the use of bacteria treatments provides means of improving amino acid contents in cabbag . . .e. © 2017 Author(s) Daha fazlası Daha az

Turan, M. | Yildirim, E. | Kitir, N. | Unek, C. | Nikerel, E. | Ozdemir, B.S. | Mokhtari, N.E.P.

Book Part | 2017 | Microbial Strategies for Vegetable Production , pp.151 - 166

Changes in climate, natural or man induced, urbanization and several other factors result in abiotic stress, for example, high winds, extreme temperatures, drought, flood, etc. Such factors in turn affect many plants including vegetables. Vegetables, being plants grown for their vegetative parts, are, however, more sensitive to abiotic stress, when compared to grass family. The abiotic stress limits soil/climate for vegetable plantation and consequently results in decreased vegetable yields. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are beneficial soil bacteria capable of stimulating physical, chemical and biological changes in plants. . . . In particular, for vegetables, there are numerous applications of these beneficial microorganisms to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress. This review focuses on alternative mechanisms employed by PGPB to enhance vegetable production under various abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperature, nutrient and heavy metal stresses. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Erdogan, U. | Turan, M. | Ates, F. | Kotan, R. | Çakmakçi, R. | Erdogan, Y. | Tüfenkçi, S.

Article | 2018 | Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis49 ( 14 ) , pp.1731 - 1738

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven nitrogen (N2)-fixing and/or phosphorus (P)-solubilizing and siderophore-producing microorganism based bio-fertilizers in single and triple strain combinations isolated from the acidic rhizospheric soil of native tea, grapevine, and wild red raspberries. As a result of this study, bacterial efficiency was found to be variable and depended on the bacterial strains and evaluated growth parameters. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has improved macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in grapevine leaves, and stimulated plant growth. Triple inoculation and single . . . inoculation based bio fertilizers were found to stimulate overall plant growth, including shoot and leaf weight, main shoot length, leaf ground index, chlorophyll, nitrogen, zinc and iron content of grapevine cv ‘Italy’. Bio-fertilizers increased the nutrients such as nitrogen, zinc and iron concentrations and consequently increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Daha fazlası Daha az

Ekinci, M. | Örs, S. | Turan, M. | Yildirim, E.

Review | 2018 | Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences28 ( 2 ) , pp.254 - 265

Due to the major environmental stress factors that limit crop production today, finding suitable areas where the plant can reach the normal crop potential in cultivation has become very difficult. Abiotic stress is a significant factor in decreasing the agricultural production as compared to the other stress factors. Abiotic stress factors, such as drought, salinity, high temperature, low temperature, flooding, radiation, pollutants, oxidative stress, wind and lack of nutrients in the soil, can negatively affect the growth, development and productivity of plants. Among the compounds with different gas contents, external application . . .of nitric oxide (NO) to plants has gained more importance in recent years. NO plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as metal toxicity, temperature, drought and salinity, as well as regulatory roles in improvement of germination and seedling growth. This paper discusses the effects of NO applications on abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, high and low temperature and heavy metals on plants. © 2018, Centenary University. All rights reserved Daha fazlası Daha az

Turan, M. | Gulluce, M. | von Wirén, N. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2012 | Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science175 ( 6 ) , pp.818 - 826

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been reported to stimulate the growth and yield of grain crops, particularly when nutrient supply is poor. However, the mechanisms underlying stimulation of plant growth may vary depending not only on growth conditions and crop management but also on plant and bacterial species. The present study assessed the effect of an inoculation with single or multiple PGPR strains on phosphorus (P)-solubilization processes in the soil and on grain yield in wheat. Single inoculation with Bacillus subtilis OSU-142, Bacillus megaterium M3, or Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 increased grain yield by 2 . . .4%, 19%, and 19%, respectively, while a mixed inoculation with OSU-142, M3, and Sp245 increased grain yield by 33% relative to noninoculated plants. Single inoculations with Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05 or Bacillus megaterium RC07 were less effective. Single or mixed treatments with OSU-142, M3, and Sp245 increased the concentrations of the labile and moderately labile P fractions in rhizosphere soil. The growth-stimulating effect of OSU-142, M3, and Sp245 was also reflected by higher P concentrations in most plant organs. Among all inocula tested, the highest plant P acquisition was obtained in the presence of M3 and accompanied by the highest microbial P levels and the highest phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, seed inoculation with mixed PGPR strains may effectively substitute for a part of P-fertilizer application in extensive wheat production, and in particular M3 appears to improve the solubilization of inorganic soil P. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Daha fazlası Daha az

Turan, M. | Gulluce, M. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2012 | Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis43 ( 12 ) , pp.1658 - 1673

In 2009 a greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of boron (B) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatments, applied either alone or in combination, on yield, plant growth, leaf total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, membrane leakage, and leaf relative water content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bezostiya) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Tokak) plants. Results showed that alone or combined B (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 kg ha-1) and PGPR (Bacillus megaterium M3, Bacillus subtilis OSU142, Azospirillum brasilense Sp245, and Raoultella terrigena) treatments positively affected dry weight and physi . . .ological parameters searched in both species. Statistically significant differences were observed between bacterial inoculation and B fertilizer on root and shoot dry weight under non-cold-stress (NCS) and cold-stress (CS) conditions. Leaf total chlorophyll content (LTCC), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf relative water content (LRWC), and membrane leakage (ML) were negatively affected by CS conditions and decreased with reduced temperatures of media, but B and PGPR application alleviate the low-temperature deleterious effect in both species. The greatest SC and LRWC, and the lowest ML, were obtained by 6 kg B ha-1 combined with R. terrigena treatment. The greatest LTCC in both NCS and CS conditions was observed with B. megaterium M3 application alone. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Daha fazlası Daha az