Optical emission spectroscopy and fast imaging of the arc process of aluminium and its alloys were carried out to determine the concentration of the aluminium in the rock samples. Optical measurement allow the establishment of relationships between the spark aspect and the aluminium emission line's intensity. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of aluminium in rock samples with satisfactory results. The simplicity, low cost and easy operation were the main advantages of the present procedure. The proposed method was applied to the simultaneous multielement determination. The results were well within the recomme . . .nded standard values
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Fatty acid and random amplified polymorphic-DNA (RAPD) profiles were used to examine phenotypic and genetic relationships among 8 Salvia taxa. All the Salvia taxa were used separated based on the presence and composition of 85 different fatty acids. Ten decamer primers were used to find out polymorphism. A total of 33 amplicons in the size range of 360 bp to 2500 bp were produced by ten different primers from the eight Salvia taxa. The results suggested that S. argentea is completely different that other species. Three genetically distinct groups were among the species of Salvia species with high genetic variation. All of Salvia spe . . .cies tested in this study was separated with unique FAME profiles including 86 different fatty acids. This is the first study showing that RAPD and FAME profiles are useful methods for determination of genetic and phenotypic profiles which may be used for identification and characterization of Salvia species
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimutagenic activity of methanol extract of Helichrysum plicatum ssp. plicatum plants. Antimutagenic activity of the extract was estimated by employing AMES- Salmonella/microsome assay by using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 andTA1538 strains against direct acting mutagens sodium azide (NaN3), 4-nitro-l-quinoline oxide and the S9-dependent mutagen 2-amino fluorene (2AF). In this study, standard plate incorporation method was preferred to determine antimutagenic activity. In the absence of S9 metabolic activation all three doses of plant extract showed statis- tically significant (p &l . . .t; 0.05) antimutagenic activity on TA1535 strain, but no on the TA1538 strain. In the presence of S9 microsomal fraction, plant extract exerted moderate antimutagenic activity against the 2AF mutagen and reduced mutant colonies in the TA1535 and TA1538 strains. The present results indicate that H: plicatum ssp. plicatum extract has antimutagenic activity
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimutagenic activity of methanol extracts of Astragalus campylosema, A. cristianus, A. globosus and A. lineatus plants. The possible antimutagenic potential of different species was examined against mutagens sodium azide (NaN3), 9-aminoacridine (9AC) and 4-nitro-1-quinoline oxide (4NQO) in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535-TA1537 and TA1538 using standard plate incorporation assay. In order to assess antimutagenic effects of Astragalus species. The plants methanol extracts were done at the doses of 5, 0.5 and 0.05 µg/plate. Astragalus species tested have different inhibition rate . . . on mutagenicity at the concentration between 0.05-5 µg/plate doses. The best activity was obtained from A. cristianus aerial and root extracts, respectively; 78 % (5 µg/plate); 64 % (0.5 µg/plate), 79 % (5 µg/plate); 40 % (0.5 µg/plate) on TA1538
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The aim of this study is to determine the amount and composition of fatty acids in 6 edible mushroom species belonging to the different families grown in the middle Black sea region (Tokat, Amasya, Ordu provinces). The amount and composition of fatty acids in dried mushrooms samples were detected with a gas chromatography. The fatty acids were determined using the fatty acids methyl-esters standards. Fatty acids with 10-20 numbers were ocurred in mushrooms samples. Also, fatty acids with a single carbon and single double bound were found. Linoleic acid (18:2 w6c) occurred more than 50 % in most of the samples studied. Fatty acit ana . . .lysis of the mushroom in the present study showed that unsaturated fatty acids were higher than the unsaturated fatty acids
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Highly sensitive detection of singlet-singlet, triplet-triplet optical absorptions and delayed fluorescence of 1,2:5,6-dibenzanthracene in polymethylmethacrylate were experimentally observed by flash and laser flash photolysis techniques. 1,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene molecules were excited in a two-step process. In the first step the excited singlets are created by optical pumping, which undergoes intersystem crossing to triplet state, then triplet-triplet absorption creates an excited triplet 1,2:5,6-dibenzanthracene molecule which returns to the first excited singlet level by intersystem crossing. The re-created first excited singlet . . .of 1,2:5,6-dibenzanthracene decays back to the ground state by emitting B-type of delayed fluorescence, which was observed at the same emission band of normal fluorescence
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The present study is related to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of hexane and methanol extracts of four endemic Astragalus species grown in the vicinity of Erzurum, located in the eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Methanol extract of Astragalus species exhibited better free radical scavenging activity providing 50 % inhibition at the concentration in the range of 21.0-250.3 µg/mL. In the case of ß-carotene-linoleic acid system, both extracts obtained from A. campylosema and A. cristianus were active among studied Astragalus species. A. campylosema root extracts completely inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid in the studi . . .ed test systems. On the other hand, the extracts obtained from Astragalus species tested have been evaluated for their possible in vitro antibacterial, anticandidal and antifungal activities based on disk diffusion assay. The results suggested that none of the extracts have antimicrobial activity on the microorganisms tested
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This study is planned to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment on patients which have diabetic polyneuropathy. Fourteen diabetic polyneuropathy patients suffering ischemic pain were examined during the cure. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycemia levels were determined by collecting 5 mL blood samples from 14 patients 24 h before beginning the treatment. In case 50 Hz signals as high-rate frequency modulation (HRFM; continuous pulses changed from 90 Hz to 55 Hz over 90 msec, 1.3 times a second), were applied to patients as long as 20 d for 20 min a day. Transcutaneous electrical nerve st . . .imulation (TENS) treatment increased significantly free oxygen radicals (p < 0.05). The levels of MDA before TENS were compared to the levels of MDA after TENS and the end of the following term of 20 days by paired sample test and a meaningful increase was seen significantly (p < 0.01). Besides, glycemia levels were decreased significantly before TENS-after TENS treatment (p < 0.01) and not changed before TENS and the end of the following term of 20 d (p > 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that MDA levels were decreased significantly between in the final of the treatment and the end of the following term of 20 d (p < 0.01). Glycemia levels were not changed significantly after TENS and the end of the following term of 20 d (p > 0.05). According to this results, it is observed that TENS treatment has been positive effect on polyneuropathy
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