Bastas, K.K. | Şahin, Fikrettin | Atasagun, R.

Note | 2013 | Plant Disease97 ( 12 )

[No abstract available]

Bastas, K.K. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Note | 2012 | Plant Disease96 ( 11 )

In the late summer and early winter of 2008 and 2009, leaf and shoot blight and cankers with reddish and brownish necrotic tissue on mature branches of Cotoneaster horizontalis were investigated in landscape areas of Konya province in Turkey. Disease incidence was estimated at 2%. Bacteria were consistently isolated from the lesions on leaves and shoots on nutrient sucrose agar medium. Twelve representative bacterial strains were isolated and characterized as gram-negative, rod-shaped, mucoid, fermentative, yellow-orange on MS medium, positive for levan formation and acetoin production, no growth at 36°C, positive for gelatin hydrol . . .ysis, and negative for indole, urease, oxidase, arginine dehydrolase, reduction of nitrate, and acid production from lactose and inositol (2). Two reference strains of Erwinia amylovora (EaP28 and NCPPB 2791) obtained from the culture collection unit of Selcuk University were used as positive controls. All strains induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum cv. White Burley). All strains were identified as E. amylovora on the basis of amplification of a 1 kb DNA fragment with a species-specific primer set, A/B (1) by PCR, and fatty acid methyl ester profiles determined by Sherlock Microbial Identification System software (TSBA 6 v. 6.00; Microbial ID, Newark, DE) with similarity indices ranging from of 83 to 96%. Pathogenicity tests were performed by injecting 20 µl of a bacterial suspension (108 CFU ml-1) into the shoot tips of 3-year-old C. horizontalis seedlings. Leaf and shoot blighting symptoms were observed within 10 to 15 days, but no symptoms were observed on control plants treated with sterile water. The bacterium was reisolated from the lesions on leaves and shoots and identified as described above. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. amylovora on cotoneaster in Turkey. Control measures are needed to prevent any further spread of the bacterium to new landscape areas. © 2012 The American Phytopathological Society Daha fazlası Daha az

Bastas, K.K. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2012 | Plant Disease96 ( 12 )

During 2008 and 2009, a new disease on blackberry (Rubus fruticosus cv. Chester) causing leaf and shoot blight and cankers with brown discoloration of necrotic tissues on mature branches was observed in Isparta and Konya provinces of Turkey. Disease incidence was estimated to be 4% for the two years. Isolations were made from lesions on leaves and shoots on nutrient sucrose agar (NSA) medium. Bacteria consistently isolated from the diseased tissues were identified on the basis of biochemical, physiological (2), and molecular tests (1). Eleven representative bacterial strains were gram-negative, rod-shaped, mucoid, fermentative, yell . . .ow-orange on Miller and Scroth (MS) medium, positive for levan formation and acetoin production, no growth at 36°C, positive for gelatin hydrolysis, and negative for esculin hydrolysis, indole, urease, catalase, oxidase, arginine dehydrolase, reduction of nitrate, acid production from lactose, and inositol. Two reference strains of Erwinia amylovora (EaP28 and NCPPB 2791) obtained from the culture collection unit of Selcuk University were used as positive controls. All strains induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum cv White Burley) 24 h after inoculation with a 108 CFU/ml bacterial suspension in water. All strains were identified as E. amylovora using the species-specific primers set A/B (1), which amplified a 1-kb DNA fragment in PCR, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles determined by Sherlock Microbial Identification System software (TSBA 6 v. 6.00; Microbial ID, Newark, DE) with similarity indices ranging from of 79 to 99%. Pathogenicity was confirmed by injecting bacterial suspensions (108 CFU/ml-1) in sterile distilled water into the shoot tips of 2-year-old R. fruticosus cv. Chester and the first blighting symptoms were observed on leaves within 3 days and also 10 days later after inoculation on shoots. Sterile distilled water was used as a negative control. No symptoms were observed on control plants. All tests were repeated three times. The bacterium was reisolated from inoculated plants and identified as. E. amylovora. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. amylovora on blackberry in Turkey. Phytosanitary measures are needed to prevent any further spread of the bacterium to new blackberry areas. © The American Phytopathological Society Daha fazlası Daha az

Aysan, Y. | Mirik, M. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Note | 2009 | Plant Disease93 ( 8 )

[No abstract available]

Bastas, K.K. | Şahin, Fikrettin

Article | 2014 | Plant Disease98 ( 1 )

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al., affects plants in the Rosaceae family, which includes trees and shrubs in orchards, nurseries, and landscape plantations. During the springs and summers of 2008 and 2010, dying branches, necrotic leaves attached to shoots, and blighted twigs of meadowsweet (Spirea prunifolia) were observed at three different locations of landscape areas in Konya Province, Turkey. Disease incidence was approximately 1% on the plants during the surveys. Initial symptoms of reddish to brownish streaks on the shoots of infected plants were observed in spring. Nine representative bacterial . . .strains were isolated from the lesions on shoots of seven meadowsweet plants on nutrient sucrose agar (NSA) medium and identified as E. amylovora on basis of biochemical, physiological (2,3) and molecular tests (1). Bacteria were gram-negative, rod shaped, aerobic, fermentative, yellow-orange on Miller and Scroth medium (2), positive for levan formation and acetoin production, did not grow at 36°C, positive for gelatin hydrolysis, and negative for esculin hydrolysis, indole, urease, catalase, oxidase, arginine dehydrolase, reduction of nitrate, acid production from lactose, and inositol. All strains were hypersensitive response-positive on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. White Burley) plants. All strains were identified as E. amylovora using the species-specific primers set, A/B (1), by PCR assay, and by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles determined by Sherlock Microbial Identification System software (TSBA 6 v. 6.00; Microbial ID, Newark, DE) with similarity indices ranging from of 79 to 99%. Pathogenicity was tested by injecting of petioles and actively growing three shoot tips of 2-year-old S. prunifolia seedlings cv. number 29 using a 0.46 mm-diameter hypodermic needle with bacterial suspensions containing 108 CFU mL-1 in sterile distilled water (SDW) Plants were inoculated with each of the nine bacterial strains and two references strains, Ea29 and NCPPB 2791 (Selcuk University, Department of Plant Protection, Konya, Turkey). Symptoms resembling those associated with natural infection appeared on the inoculated plants 7 days after inoculation. Plants inoculated with SDW served as a negative control treatment, and no symptoms were observed on these plants. All tests were repeated three times with the same results. Bacterial re-isolations were attempted from the control plants as well as shoots and leaves inoculated with the two reference strains and the nine bacteria identified as E. amylovora. Bacteria isolated from inoculated plants were identified as E. amylovora using the biochemical, physiological, and molecular tests described above, but this bacterium was not isolated from the control plants. Phytosanitary measures must be taken to avoid spread of the pathogen to ornamentals in new landscape areas in Turkey. This report is important because infected Spirea spp. can be a potential inoculum source for other rosaceous ornamentals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of fire blight on meadowsweet in Turkey. © The American Phytopathological Society Daha fazlası Daha az