Turkey and brain migration: Policies formed from push and pull perspectives and effects on brain drain

Brain drain, which is defined as the departure of well-educated human capital to another geography, was noticed by England, which lost its qualified power to other countries in 1945 and increased rapidly after the 1960s with the effect of globalization. Countries such as the USA, UK and Germany have developed important brain drain policies from a push and pull perspective. Turkey has also developed important policies such as university reforms. In the following periods, within the scope of Five-Year Development Planning, although TÜBİTAK 2232 developed policies to pull reverse brain drain and Turquoise Card to pull foreign brain migration, Turkey was late in putting the brain drain on its political agenda. In this thesis, “Turkey and Brain Migration: Policies Formed from a Push and Pull Perspectives and Effects on Brain Drain” is examined and chronologically from its own historical depths, starting from the early republican period, mainly within the scope of the Five-Year Development Planning. Turquoise Card and TÜBİTAK 2232 reverse brain drain policies are also included. The effect of Turkey's brain migration policies, including the push and pull effect, is analyzed. In addition, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and dangers of these effects were evaluated with SWOT analysis. Additionally, the Brain Drain Policy has been conceptualized. This study was compiled from his thesis titled “Turkey and Brain Migration: Policies Formed from Push and Pull Perspectives and Its Effects on Brain Drain”