Determinants of environmental quality in Turkey on the regional basis

This study explores the intricate relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability, emphasizing the indispensable role of the environment in sustaining economic activities in Turkey. Central to the investigation is the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, which posits an inverse U-shaped relationship between per capita income and environmental degradation. The study extends its focus to the Turkish context, bridging theory with empirical evidence and emphasizing the unique dynamics of the nation's international trade relations. Empirical results highlight the phenomenon of carbon leakage, indicating that developed countries transfer pollution-intensive production to Turkey, while Turkey reciprocates in trade with certain regions. The lack of environmental policies in Turkey's economic relations raises critical implications for future research, emphasizing the need to scrutinize the impact of foreign trade on environmental degradation. In conclusion, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable development by providing a nuanced understanding of the interplay between economic growth and environmental stewardship. The research's novelty lies in its depth of analysis on specific variables and regional focus, offering practical insights for policymakers, scholars, and concerned citizens grappling with the challenge of balancing economic development with environmental responsibility.